Ooh great question! And one that scientists really don’t have the answer to yet!
It’s all to do with conciousness, and how it relates to self-awareness (knowing that you exist) and self-criticism (knowing that you know you exist)… and there are tonnes more levels!
Consciousness is still a HUGE mystery in biological sciences. We don’t even know how many animals are self-conscious and how we would even find out!
There’s been a lot of stuff in the news recently about scientists that have developed instruments to read what we’re thinking, and can recreate it. So they managed to make a (very rough and blurry) picture from someone’s head, when they were told to think about something specific, and it was kinda like what they were thinking about. There’s also a lot of work going into reading brain waves and using them to control things, so you only need to ‘think’ about what you want to do.
It all really just involves knowing more and more about the brain, understanding what impulses mean what and how different parts of the brain communicate with each other. As our knowledge expands we’re getting better and better at it.
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